" Buddhism, from the far-off & age-old India, came to Vietnam by various means & routes: Directly from India to Vietnam, or from India to Vietnam via China, or via China. In some cases, Buddhism even came from India to China via Vietnam, then was brought back once more to Vietnam. We also should mention here the direct or indirect influence coming to Vietnam from the neighboring Buddhism countries such as Laos, Khmer and other ancient kingdoms in Southeast Asia. It should be admitted that Hue ritual music has inherited the rituals & lauding songs which conform the rules & sutras created by the Chinese Buddhism. Hue Buddhism ritual music can be said to be the result of the complex resonance & synthesis of various musical elements which helps create for it a unique character typical of the regional culture. musical elements which helps create for it a unique character typical of the regional culture. Viewed as an art, Hue Buddhist ritual music, with more than ten types of tunes ( …) is a precious collection with soft, distinctive melodies which help build up the characteristic of the national Buddhist ritual music ". (From Summary of the Edition)