Philosophical ideas of different schools such as Confucian, Taoist, Legalist, Mohist, Nominalist, Military Strategist, Yin and Yang, and Agriculturist in periods prior to the Qin Dynasty (221-202 B.C.) are expounded and analyzed against their times in the book. Advantages and disadvantages of different theoretical constructs and their social and historical functions are also investigated from a critical perspective. In addition, the book presents the authors’ personal views on the category of Chinese philosophy and the relations between traditional Chinese thoughts and modern sciences.