How are states built? How can a fragile state be transformed into a viable and stable state? How can a sustainable Kenyan state be built? This book focuses on this subject. In seeking for an answer, the author critically examines the various tools of statecraft as postulated in the main contemporary schools of thought in state building; namely, consociationalism, centripetalism, power dividing and complex power sharing as they relate to the unique circumstances of the Kenyan society. The author approaches this subject from the broader perspective of institutional engineering which involves the creative design of political institutions. The book offers a refreshing and critical assessment of the key tenets of institutional design including the organizational design of the state, the electoral system, the political party system, the system of government, and bill of rights regime. The author draws from the experience of a wide range of countries across the world – particularly South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia and India - to demonstrate the pathways the Kenyan people have to tread to secure their future and country. The point of departure is the appreciation that although Kenya has enjoyed relative peace in much of her post-independence political history, it has overtime become increasingly clear that this seeming peace conceals deep ethnic tensions which can, and has, found expression in ethnic conflicts. These tensions and cycles of ethnic conflict during electoral periods, have revealed the fragility of the Kenyan State, raised concerns over her long-term viability and underscored the need for effective measures aimed at building a stable and durable state. After the 2007 ethnic conflict, which left the country on the brinks of civil war, steps were taken in the direction of reconstructing the Kenyan state. From the perspective of the art of statecraft, this book assesses the efficacy of these steps and offers the way forward towards building a stable and sustainable Kenyan state.