This book looks at the contested relationship between adivasi or the indigenous peoples, migrants and the State in India. It delves into the nature and dynamics of competition and resource conflicts between the adivasi and the migrants. Drawing on the ground experiences of the dandakaranya project – when Bengali migrants from erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were rehabilitated in Eastern and central India – The author traces the connection between resource scarcity and the emergence of Naxalite politics in the region in tandem with the key role played by the State. He critically examines the way in which conflicts between these groups emerged and interacted, were shaped and realized through acts and Agencies of various kinds, as well as their socio-economic, cultural and political implications. The book explores the contexts and reasons that have led to the dispossession, deprivation and marginalization of adivasi.