The Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975) was a former political government established from Vietnam State (1949-55), with the capital of Saigon, present-day Ho Chi Minh city. In foreign documents, the government was also called South Vietnam since the Geneva Accords were signed and Vietnam was divided into two military concentration region until the year of 1975. The Republic of Vietnam soon determined a clear educational philosophy and goals that were in line with world trends, so that primary and secondary programs were compiled in a common educational direction and philosophy. The education in the Vietnam South has diversified the types of schools and classes from elementary to tertiary levels, not only meeting the increasing and diversified needs of people, but also training & creating a class of highly professional and responsible workers. Contents: Chapters: 1 - Overview of the Vietnam South education. 2 – General education program in the Vietnam South. 3 - Teachers and school managers. 4 - Examination and school inspection. 5 - Some remarks on general education in the Vietnam South and proposals for today’s educational reform. Appendix. References.