This is the fifth census, conducted nationwide in July 2016. The key objective of the Census was to collect fundamental information about farmers, agriculture and rural areas to support the assessment of the situation, to make plans, policies, and strategies for national socio-economic development. The information collected and be grouped as follows: The information for assessment of the rural socio-economic situation; The agricultural, forestry and fishery production; Outcomes of efforts in achieving some targets of the National Targeted Programs on industrialization and modernization of agriculture, rural areas, and new rural development. This book consists of two key components: 1. Overview of the socio-economic context in rural areas and agricultural, forestry and fishery production 2011-2016. 2. Some key indicators of the findings from the Cencus 2016.