This book brings a new style, synthesized from a variety of new sources, bringing a new perspective on the early modern period of China. The author carefully tracks, collects and selects the results of the history of innovation in China and Vietnam, denies the centuries-old dogma in China. As a result, the reader can understand China's stagnation over the centuries, which has a positive effect on the innovation in Vietnam today. The book provides many new insights, both positive and negative lessons; the success and failure of the Duong The movement (the study of the science of technology in the West), and the Duy Tan movement (Western institutional learning), by way of historical events, evidence, in accordance with the law of mobilization, objective development of history.