Culture war’ is a term that originated with the nineteenth-century German nation-builder Otto von Bismarck, who initiated a struggle with the church on control over education, and called it ‘kulturkampf’ (culture war). the same issue—minus the churches a contentious one in India, with both the history curriculum and the Allotment of authority over education being much discussed. Other themes partly overlap with and partly differ from those in the culture Wars in the US, where the term has gained currency to designate the debate between modern and religious world views.