Book Details: The main purpose of this study is to review what Harlan did to achieve success in Afghanistan. What are some of the lessons the US and the NATO forces learned from Harlan's experience? The goal of this study is to highlight some of the issues Harlan noted for the British, who experienced mutiny in India in 1857, and an Afghan violent rebellion, and then an attack against the retreating soldiers from Kabul to Jalalabad in 1842. The British could have avoided both incidents, which killed thousands of British soldiers, if they had adhered to the counsel of Harlan. My research on the region draws the following conclusions concerning Harlan and the region: First, an American Josiah Harlan in 19th century played a critical role in the Great Game. Harlan traveled to the region in early 19th century and worked as a governor for Punjab's King Ranjit Sigh and a commander-in-chief of the Afghan arms forces for King Dost Muhammad Khan. Harlan learned early in his life "the arts of treachery, cruelty, murder and falsehood" and was "schooled almost from birth in the arts of intrigue and treachery." 9 Harlan used those skills to his advantage and played a key role as a British covert operative and adventurer in the Great Game. His role reached its climax when he was declared a King by the tribes in Kanduz area of Afghanistan.10 Harlan's role may have involved activities as a British Covert operative. Intelligence operative, a role that changed the geopolitics, geography, and regional political dynamics. A case could be made that most of the current geopolitical configurations and regional geographical conflicts--Kashmir, Baluchistan, Pashtunistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan--appear to be related to the activities of Harlan as a covert operative