This book is in line with anthropological Survey's endeavor to study the human dimension of all the Biosphere Reserves in India Under its ongoing National Project, Man and Environment : Biosphere Reserve Study. Two Studies i.e. Gulf of Mannar and Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserves have documented practices related to the conservation of marine and forest ecology & Livelihood of the people and alternate means of income generation through self employment,horticulture and planatation for the people inside the biosphere Reserves. The study would help in Understanding the economic and cultural equilibrium maintaines by the people living inside these two prominent Biosphere Reserves in India.