This is a research work of teachers and students from the Faculty of History of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Ho Chi Minh National University. The book is designed for the purpose of research, teaching and learning, and is presented to readers on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Provisional Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (1969-2019). The book provides an overview, based on reliable documents, from the time the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam was born and the role of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. The book content consists of 3 main parts. Part 1: Prerequisites for the birth of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. Part 2: The establishment, organization and operation of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (1969-1975). Part 3: Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam with the mission of reunification (1975-1976).