Examines the first decade after the establishment of Ankara as the capital of Turkey, from the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 until 1933. With a particular focus on the recently developed Yeni Sehir ("new city") district of Ankara, Ali Cengizkan and N. Muge Cengizkan chronicle the construction of a new city center in war-torn Turkey in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The authors fill critical gaps in the historiography of the city by sharing the ideas and experiences of its dwellers, exploring the social dynamics of the dissolution of the planned environment, and analyzing the causes and effects of modernization.