This book aims to illustrate that Islam is not an antithesis of science, philosophy, education and the pursuit of knowledge. Rather, throughout the history of Islam, education has remained the primary objective of every Muslim. This led to a flourishing and rich civilization that lasted 1000 years, bountiful with thought, philosophies and wisdom that still influences millions today. This book looks at different debates between various schools and Muslim philosophers on God’s authority, miracles, afterlife, human freedom, sufism, time and space, causality, knowledge, unity of being, and the beginning of the universe, showing the vast and rich history of knowledge within Islam. Then it leads into the contemporary era, explaining the thought of Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Hassan al-Banna, and explores the works of Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, his philosophical approach to education, change, counter-extremism, economics, political philosophy and social welfare.