Rethinking Buddhism: Text, Context, Contestation deals with textual traditions, contextualization, and contestation in Indian Buddhism. The essays in this volume envision, explore, and challenge some of the well-established views to investigate Buddhist sources and contemplate alternative theories on origin, development of early Schools, and other fundamentals. On the one hand, there are reassessments and reinterpretations of the established hypotheses; on the other, new voices are raised to re-examine the traditional opinions on narratives of understanding the philosophical and literary approaches. This volume examines real historical contexts and finds whether any kind of contestations occurred in different sects of Buddhism and with other existing religions.