This publication primarily focuses on various livelihood patterns of different PVTGs in India. It also critically examines the impact of different development programs on these vulnerable groups through 31 chapters arranged into five broad headings such as (I) Tribal Ethnography, (II) Ecology, Economy and Tribal Identity, (III) Socio-cultural Beliefs and Practices, (IV) Tribal Health, Food and Nutrition, and (V) Tribal Development and Tribal policy.