The snake fauna of Syria consists of 40 species belonging to eight families (Typhlopidae, Leptotyphlopidae, Boidae, Colubridae, Psammophiidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Viperidae). Previous and new records were added and mapped for all species. Distribution of all snake species was updated, covering 587 localities. Remarks on the ecology and habitats are given for each species. Conservation of the snake fauna of Syria is treated by identifying direct and indirect impacts. (Reptilia)