Minority groups based on language, race or religion have acted as agents or catalysts of change in the society under specified historical conditions. This has been true in our country during the preceding two centuries. The present study delineates the socio-cultural role of the Bengalees in Bihar and the impact they made on the local scene in various walks of life during an important period, 1858-1912. The study ends at 1912 when Bihar was separated from Bengal and the contact of the Bengalees with this province gradually declined.